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The Mind within the Brain: How We Make Decisions and How those Decisions Go Wrong, by A. David Redish
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In The Mind within the Brain, David Redish brings together cutting edge research in psychology, robotics, economics, neuroscience, and the new fields of neuroeconomics and computational psychiatry, to offer a unified theory of human decision-making. Most importantly, Redish shows how vulnerabilities, or "failure-modes," in the decision-making system can lead to serious dysfunctions, such as irrational behavior, addictions, problem gambling, and PTSD.
Told with verve and humor in an easily readable style, Redish makes these difficult concepts understandable. Ranging widely from the surprising roles of emotion, habit, and narrative in decision-making, to the larger philosophical questions of how mind and brain are related, what makes us human, the nature of morality, free will, and the conundrum of robotics and consciousness, The Mind within the Brain offers fresh insight into one of the most complex aspects of human behavior.
- Sales Rank: #1009101 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Oxford University Press, USA
- Published on: 2013-07-18
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.50" h x 1.30" w x 9.20" l, 1.45 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 392 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"Well researched and delivered with a light touch." - Nature
From the Back Cover
"David Redish is a leading neuroscientist known for his pioneering, creative work.
In this thoughtful book, he clearly describes the latest findings in brain science to
help readers better understand what really drives the choices we make."
--Tali Sharot, Affective Brain Lab, Cognitive, Perceptual, & Brain Science, University
College London, author of The Optimism Bias
"Over the last decade there has been an explosion in our understanding of how the
brain makes decisions. This book, written by one of the leading scholars in the
field, is a must read for anyone interested in this area."
--Antonio Rangel, Professor of Neuroscience and Economics, California Institute of
Technology
"Many parts that make up the mind have been found by now, the product
of experiments and deductions from psychology, behavioral economics,
neurophysiology, brain imaging, robotics, and even the philosophy of mind. A
distinguished researcher in neurophysiology and behavior, Redish has started
with the basic purpose for which the mind evolved--making decisions--and has
used it to organize what I judge to be the best synthesis now available of these
findings. In this book, he calls on his extensive working knowledge of all these
fields to explain in readable steps how the elements of decision work--and often
fail to work. With meticulous but unobtrusive documentation for readers who
want to go deeper, this book will appeal to novice and expert alike."
--George Ainslie, author of Breakdown of Will and Picoeconomics
"Decisions are sometimes conscious, but surprisingly often not. With an engineer's
attention to mechanisms and a novelist's feel for an engaging story, Redish shows
how this tension is not only possible, but sits at the core of human struggles,
triumphs, and failures."
--Don Ross, University of Cape Town and Georgia State University, author of
Economic Theory and Cognitive Science: Microexplanation
About the Author
David Redish is a professor of Neuroscience at the University of Minnesota. Trained in
computational, theoretical, and experimental neuroscience, he has contributed to our
understanding of decision-making and cognition. Dr. Redish received a dual-degree BA
in the writing seminars (poetry, plays) and computer science from The Johns Hopkins
University, and his PhD in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University.
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
A Book that gets into your Brain
By Ian McCabe
When beginning a “popular press” book on the topic of neuroscience one cannot be sure what they are getting themselves into. Just the idea of reading a book about the subject can scare some. Three pages into Dr. David Radish’s new book The Mind within the Brain, I was delighted with my book choice. Radish is a neuroscientist, at the University of Minnesota, who researches the contribution of learning and memory to behavior. He has authored other works like Beyond the Cognitive Map and has a background in writing, computer science and neuroscience. Dr. Radish’s new book concisely addresses the mysterious topic of free will. Because of his diverse background, the author is able to provide unique insight into how humans make decisions.
The main text of the book is kept brief, to the point and entertaining but the footnotes and appendixes include additional stories by Redish explaining in depth neuroscience concepts. Average readers interested in the topic can therefore enjoy the book while someone who wants to expand their knowledge can take advantage of the meticulous science. The book is broken up into 4 sections: “decisions and the brain”, “decision making systems”, “brain with a mind of its own” and “the human condition.” After each section additional peer reviewed articles are cited so that if you find something interesting, you can get more in depth information on the topic.
The first section begins with Redish’s basic definition of a decision: “the selection of actions.” The brain is compared to a complex decision-making machine based on negative feedback. He writes about how this machine’s choices are based on values determined by multiple interacting systems including reflexive, pavalonian, deliberative, and habit based. The second part of the book provides an overview of these systems. . The reflexive system is the simplest system because it is hardwired into our body and can react in milliseconds to a danger or event. The pavalonian system includes prewired responses to stimuli that have been learned over evolution. You can learn what predicts the outcome but cannot change it. The deliberative system is one that involves one-time selections. This system is most associated with being human; it is very flexible and involves planning and deliberation, but requires more time then the others. Finally, the habit-based system is simple but inflexible once created. It determines the best actions to take based on past experiences and memories. Once an association arises this system can recognize a situation again and act quickly with the learned response. In addition to these four systems other components are needed: a physical action system, which can physically take the action that’s been chosen, a perceptual system that can recognize objects around us, a situational recognition system that can categorize stimuli into situations, a motivational system that identifies what we want and what we are willing to do for it. Together these sub systems offer the support for the decision-making mechanisms to work.
Redish begins the third section of the book by proposing that the mind and brain are the same thing but that the components process information differently leading to vulnerabilities in the decision making system. He terms these vulnerabilities as “failure points.” A thermostat is used as an example to represent something that can determine what needs to happen and then be initiated. Just like a thermostat our decision making complex can malfunction, and show a version of reality that may be inaccurate. Addiction, gambling issues, and post-traumatic stress disorder are all malfunctions. The final section of the book explores what makes us human, including the topics of morality and free will. Free will is looked at again in the last chapter as Redish discusses the wild area of advanced robotics where the robots can think for themselves.
Redish has hit a homerun with The Mind within the Brain. The book is well organized and has a nice flow that makes it easy to read. It is definitely a plus that the author has background in writing because it can be hard to simplify difficult concepts into words that non-PhD’s can understand. His use of humor and personal stories keeps the reader entertained in a subject matter that could be dry. He begins each chapter with a paragraph or two that gets you interested in the topic by showing everyday examples of what is about to be discussed. During each chapter, complex explanations are always given real life comparisons. For example, the “decision making machine” is discussed in relation to a Toyota Prius because each have many parts and just like the brain they are all trying to accomplish the same goal. These analogies really help the reader gain a better understanding of the topic.
I chose this book because I was intrigued by how the brain makes decisions; I have always wondered why I do certain things. I was able to obtain all of the answers that I wanted on human decision making. Anyone who has ever been curious about a decision or the process in the brain that led to it would find answers here! Very powerful. 5 stars for Redish, 5 stars for The Mind within the Brain.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Don't speculate. Read this book!
By H. E. Price
Synthesizing several different lines of research and development relevant to the mind and behavior, David Redish presents a vastly more complex and powerful model than anything else I have encountered. In particular, no one who has not read this book should ever be allowed to speculate on "free will" again.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
This is not an easy read for the uninitiated
By Michael Brunner
State of the art conceptualization of brain functioning using decision-theory as a guiding framework . . . but the reader really needs to have a foundation of learning in the neurosciences to understand what is written. This is not an easy read for the uninitiated.
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